Which of the following is listed as a threat to Canada’s forests?

• A. Soil compaction
• B. Aerial spraying of chemicals
• C. Conservation programs
• D. Reforestation subsidies

Answer: (B)

When we think about threats to forests, we’re looking at factors that harm forest health, biodiversity, and the ability of forests to recover. Aerial spraying of chemicals fits that idea because releasing pesticides or herbicides from the air can affect much more than the intended target. Chemical drift can reach non‑target plants, insects, birds, and aquatic ecosystem areas, leading to reduced biodiversity, disruptions in food chains, and contamination of soil and water. Repeated or widespread spraying can weaken tree growth, alter soil microorganisms, and impair forest regeneration, making forests more vulnerable over time. That broad, potentially long‑lasting impact is why this option is listed as a threat.

In contrast, soil compaction is primarily an issue related to how forests are managed and logged—heavy machinery can compact soils, reducing water infiltration and root growth at specific sites, but it’s more about a management problem than a system‑wide threat. Conservation programs and reforestation subsidies are aimed at protecting and restoring forests, not endangering them.